Method of and apparatus for cutting gears



Oct. 28, 1941'. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet l 3nnentor Gttorneg Oct. 28, 1941. L. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zhmentor Gttorneg Oct. 28, 1941. L. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

- METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS I Filed March 10, 195'? 1'1 Sheets-Sheet 3 3rmentor i {@W @QzrZde/z Oct. 28, 1941. L. b. CARLSEN METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1937 7 7 M d w w 5 @W\.IIII@ a a w E m -H M5 w 5 m mu 1 7 2 6 "m .T' wwO \l .I 1 mm m n s 6 1 M m, m u J in. g m. a w a m J i W Oct; 28, 1941-. L. o. CARLSEN METHOD'OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Oct. 28, 1941. o, c s 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1937 ll SheetsSheet 6 \fl'ml l m1 I Zmvcntor 193 1 1 J 1 @QZ/AfiQ/b attorney Oct. 28, 1941. 1.; o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS I Filed March 10, 195'? 1'1 Sheets-Sheet 7 5&4

1:97 A v SQSS mm m 195 ZSnnentor #56 #195 W @Qi/E/Z Oct. 28, 1941. L. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1957 l1 Sheets-Sheet 8 fyi lmaentor attorney Oct. 28, 1941-. 1.. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1957 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 Fzyj (Ittorneg Oct. 28, 1941. o. CARLSEN METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed March 10', 193'? Inmentm' 1486a WNW QQNN

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attorney Q Oct. 28, 1941.

L. o. CARLSEN 2,260,605

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Filed March 10, 1957 11' Sheets-Sheet 11 Jnventor attorney Patented Oct. 28, 1941 UNITED STATE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING GEARS Leonard O. Carlsen, Roc Gleason Works, Roche of New York hester, N. Y., assignor to ste'r, N. Y., a corporation Application March 10, 1937, Serial No. 130,140

25 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method and to apparatus for cutting gears and particularly to a method and to apparatus for cutting longitudinally curved tooth bevel and hypoid gears.

A primary object of the present invention is to jj spaces of a gear blank and first cut slots of uni form lengthwise width in all the tooth spaces of the blank and then re-cut these slots in a second revolution of the blank to widen them out and give them the lengthwise taper in width desirable in tapered gearing.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method and machine for cutting tapered gears in which the desired lengthwise taper in width of the gear tooth spaces may be produced by a pair of eccentrically mounted facemill gear cutters and in which the cutters are arranged to operate in different tooth spaces of the blank simultaneously, but in which the work performed by the two, cutters is divided substantially equally between them throughout the whole cutting operation upon the gear blank.

A further object of the invention is to provide a method for indexing a gear blank during the cutting of teeth therein, so that substantially equal amounts of stock will be removed by each of two cutting tools throughout the cutting operations on the gear whether the gear is to have an odd or an even number of teeth.

A further object of the invention is to provide a gear cutting machine on which the gear,

blank to be cut may be indexed from tooth space to tooth space or through a multiple number of tooth spaces at any given indexing operation and in which the indexing mechanism is regulable so as to permit the space to space indexing to occur in any predetermined relation to the multiple space indexing.

A further object of the invention is to provide a gear cutting machine of the character described in which a pair of cutting tools are employed that are adapted to operate simultaneously in difierent tooth spaces of a gear blank and in which the rate of operation of the machine is speeded up after the cutters have slotted out all of the tooth spaces of the blank and when they are taking the taper-cuts in such spaces. I 7

Still another object of the invention is to provide a gear cutting machine which. has mechanism that is advanced step-by-step in time with the index mechanism and which will cause the work to be withdrawn from operative toloading position when the cutting operation upon the gear blank has been completed. I

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine for cutting tapered gears with a pair of eccentrically mounted face-mill cutters in which adjustments are provided for varying the distance between the two cutters at the point of cut, taking up Wear on the cutters, and so forth, and in which a single drive member is employed to drive the two cutters.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved form of face-mill gear cutter, preferably for use in the improved machine and process of the present invention in which the cutting blades or teeth maybe very securely held.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification and from the recital of the appended claims.

The invention comprises, among other things, an improvement upon the gear cutting machine illustrated in my Patent No. 2,114,621- of April 19, 1938, and the invention will be described in connection with the necessary modifications required in the machine of said patent in order to practice the present invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view looking at the cutter end of a machine built according to the principles of my prior invention, but modifled in order to practice the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view through the portion of the machine shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view on an enlarged scale of the two cutters used upon the improved machine;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2 and showing details of the cutter drive;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are elevational views of the index mechanism of the improved machine showing three different positions of this mechanism during the operation of the machine;

Fig. 9 is a developed sectional view taken on the line 9+9 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the cam rail which controls the time that the index mechanism is unlocked in any indexing operation and two-cutters will do equalamounts of work.

and showing further details of the index mechanism;

Fig. 12 is a part-elevational part-sectional view of the speed-up control mechanism of the machinej Fig. 13 is a View taken at right anglesto Fig. 12

width from end to end of. the tooth slot, which and showing further details of the speed-up control mechanism and its connection to the throttle p ranged to cut in different tooth spaces of the .gear blank simultaneously but the blank was valve;

Fig. 14 is a view on a slightlyenlarged scale,. looking at the end of the'shaft which; carries the speed control cam 'and'showing the "cam' which controls the position of the work head, and the valve which is operated-thereby; I 3 i Fig. 15 is a fragmentary View of the work head column of the improved machine and showing the stops for limitingthe work headimove'ment and the controls for the same;

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary sectional view enlarged scale illustrating the mode of operation of I the cutters employed in the present invention; Fig.1? is a diagrammatic view, illustratingc the process of cutting a-gear according-tothe present invention; Figs. 18 and 1'9.i-'are diagrammatic views, further illustrating the process of cutting gears, according to the present invention and showing, respectively, how a gear blank that is to have an'odd number-of teeth and a gear blank that.is to have an even number of teeth may be indexed in order to secure the tapercut andwat'lthe samev time distribute the work of cutting. equally between the two-cutters;--

Figs. 20 and 21 are fragmentary diagrammatic views, showing, together, the-hydraulic control system of the improved machine". constructed;

according to the present invention. 1 I 1 In thecutting process of the flpresentzinvention, a pair of face-mill gear cutters-are employed. These cutters are mounted eccentrically of one another and arranged so that-they. operate in different toothslots of va gear blank simultaneously. One of -the features of the present invention-is the-manner of indexing the work so that the two cutters will remove substantially equal amounts of -stock during the cutting of a gear and'the wear on the .cutters will be approximately equal. 7

When a gear that has an odd'numberiof teeth vis to be cut, the work is indexed through the angular distance of 'two tooth spaces at each in-- ,dexing operation. This means that the blank must be indexed through two revolutions in order to cut all of its teeth. However throughout the whole operation of cuttingthe -gear; the

When'an even'n'umber of teeth are tobe .cut,

' various methods of indexing may beiemployed. One method is to index the blank through the angular distance-of two of its tooth spaces until the blank has'finade 'o'n'e' revolution; then indexthe-blank once through the angular distance of 'a' single toothspac'e. and then resume/the indexing through the'an'gular' 'distance or two tooth spaces until all of the teeth 'have'been completed -'Again, th'e indexing: can be 'so arrar'iged thatthe'two cutters willdo substantia'lly equal amounts of work throughout tlie whole 'cutti'ng -operation.- f on the first cut'of eachcutte'r iniatooth'space.

each 'cutt'e'r will naturally: cut fa; islotrof uniform v is desirable in a bevelyo'r hypoid gear.

' Attempts have been "made previously to cut gears with two eccentrically mounted face-mill gear cutters but these have not been successful. 'In'one such attempt, the two cutters were arindexed through only one tooth space at a time.

" The gear was completed in one revolution, but

the work done was divided very unequally be- -tween-the two cutters.

On the first cut, the two cutters cut into the solid metal of the blank,

cutting slots of uniform width in two different 'tooth spaces Thereafter, however, only the leading cutter cut into solid metal. -:The other fcutter simply widened out. the slot produced by the first cutter. Hence, the burden fell unequally on the ,two cutters and one cutter became dull much sooner than the other. Thus,

. repeated shut-downs of the machine for replacement of cutters. were 1 necessary did not prove practicah,

and the process In another attempt, the cutters wereomounted .It'o operatein thesametooth slot simultaneously.

However,'such cutters had to have an interlocking. relation between their cutting blades and i this reduced materially the number of blades ,thatymight be employed in any one; cutter'and required very careful and accurate timed rota- .tion of the two cutters, Byarranging the cutters to operate in two different tooth spaces gsimultaneously, as with the present invention,

the cutters may rotate independently of one another and no accurate timing of their rotation is requiredand in additioma much larger num- .'b er1of cutting blades can; be provided on each vGutter than is possible where the l the ,gear blank in the method of operation of the present invention, the cutters are simply widv ening-v out the previously-cut slots, they-do not cu te s a e structed-to interlock in operation. 7 o v Inasmuch as during the second revolution of have a s'much work .to' perform as-on thefirst revolution of the blank. Advantage has been taken of this fact, therefore-to speed up the Cutting operationonthesecond cut in the different; tooth slots; This ymakes it possible -to cut a given-gear muchfaster with the machine i of the present -'inventionfthanfwith previous processes employing two A eccentric tools which are mounted to operate in two different tooth spaces simultaneously because heretofore even though one. cutter might simply be widening out a tooth slot, the other cutter was cutting into solid metal and the speed of operation of ,;the -tw0 cutterswaslimited by. the time required for the operation-of the latter cutter.

Thepresent invention ;maybe embodied in various forms, of machines- A- machineof the type described in my; prior-application'above "mentioned may very readilybemodified,- howeyer, topra'ctice'the presentinven-tion. Forconvenienc'e in explanation, then, I shall :describe .?how such a machine maybe changed to practice ;,the presentinvention. *Inthis descriptiom; I o yshall describe specificallyonly the new parts requiredand such of the partsusedon the prior machine andretainedasare essential to a proper rough-cutting gears.

understanding of the present invention. Reference may be had to the prior application for a improved machine of my present application,

such parts have been generally denoted in the present application by reference numerals over 1000 and, in fact, by reference numerals which are 1000 higher than the reference numerals used in my prior application to designate them. Thus the column or upright I03I (Fig. 1) in which the cradle is journaled is'the same as the column 'or upright 3| used in the machine of my prior application.

The machine of my prior application is a machine for generating gears and particularly for The present invention may be applied broadly, however, to the produc- 'tion of gears either in a generating or a forming operation and to either the rough cutting or finish-cutting-oigears.

The machine illustrated in the, drawings is, however, a generating machine like the machine illustrated in my prior application. This machine operates according to the basic principles of-the machine of my prior application and has generally the same basic operating mechanism.

The cycle of machine operation is the same. The work is fed into the cutting apparatus until full depth position is reached and the feed is stopped,-then the work is rolled relative to the cutting apparatus to generate a tooth surface or surfaces on the work, then the roll is stopped and the work is withdrawn, then the roll is reversed and during this return roll, the work is indexed. Then the cycle begins anew.

The cutting mechanism is mounted upon a cradle which is oscillated in time with the rotation of the work spindle H20 (Fig. 21) to efiect the generating roll. The roll movements are produced, as in the machin of my prior application, by reciprocation of a fluid-pressure operated piston H (Fig. which drives the cradle through a train of gearing, identical with that described in my prior application and including the rack H8I, the spur gear I2I5 and bevel gear I224 (Fig. 2) and which drives the work spindle H60 through a train of gearing H90, H95, H98, H99, I202, I205, I2") and H35,

also identical with that described in my prior application. The gear II35 is connected during cutting to the work spindle by the index mechanism of the machine.

The alternate feed and withdrawal movements of the work are produced by reciprocation of the -fluid-pressure operated piston I350 (Fig. 21)

which is connected by the link I360 with the pivoted work head I050 in which th work spindle is journaled.

The direction of movement of the roll piston H10 (Fig. 20) is controlled by the reverse valve I266 and the direction of movement of the feed piston I350 (Fig. 21) is controlled by the reverse valve I425. nately with one another, to effect the cycle of operation of the machine by operation of two pilot valves I425 (Fig. 20) and I396 (Fig. 21). The valve I426 controls the operation of the feed reverse valve I425 and is operated from theroll' piston H10 through the gearing II8I, I2I5 and I305, the stops I450 and I45I and the lever I454 just as in the machine .of my prior application. The valve I396 controls the operation of the roll reverse valve I266 and is operated fromthe Thes valves are operated alter link I31I (Fig; 21), bar I315, stops I385 and I395 carried by that bar, and lever I403 also just as in the machine of my prior application.

The rate of th generating roll is controlled by a throttle valve I260 (Fig. 20) which is operated by alever I3I0 which is oscillated by a cam I300 driven from the roll piston I I10 through the gearing IIBI, I2I5, =I305 and shaft II just as in the machine of myprior application. The

rate of the feed and withdrawal movements are controlled by a throttle valve I415 (Fig. '21) which is operatedby a lever I490, that is controlled by a cam-bar I493 (Fig. 15) carried by the bar I315 (Figs. 15and 21).

These parts and the connections between them may be identical with the corresponding parts described in my prior application; I shall now describe the features which are new in my present application and constitute the improvements of the present invention. The improved cutting mechanism of the present invention, its mounting and operation Will first be described.

The cutting mechanism of my present invention comprises, as above mentioned, a pair of eccentrically mounted face-mill gear cutters. These cutters are designated at C and C, re-

spectively.

The internal cutter C comprises a rotary head 30 (Figs. 1, 2, 3' and 16) and a plurality of annularly arranged cutting blades 3I which have body portions that are secured in blade receiving slots in the head 30 and cutting portions that project beyond one side-face of the head.

Th cutting blades 3I are so formed that the median lines 32 of their body portions are inclined to the median lines 33 of their cutting portions, as clearly shown in Fig. 16. The inside walls 35 of the slots in the head 30 in which the blades are mounted, are inclined to the axis of th head at'an angle such that when the blades are secured in these slots, the cutting portions of th blades will project beyond one side face of the head with their median lines 33 extending in a direction generally parallel to the axis of the head. I

The blades 3I are secured to the head 30 by bolts 31 which extend in a direction perpendicular to the inside walls 35 of th blade slots.

The bottom faces 38 of the blades are adapted to seat upon the conical upper face of a plate 39 which is secured to the head 30 in any suitable manner'and which serves to correctly position the blades axially in the head.

The external cutter C comprises a head 40 in the form of a ring provided internally with blade receiving slots. The cutting blades 4| are secured in these slots. Each cutting blade has a body portion whose median line 42 is inclined to the median line 43 of the cutting portion of the blade and the inside walls 45 of the blade receiving slots are so inclined to the axis of the cutter head 40 that when the blades are secured in the slots, with their cutting portions projecting beyond one side face of the head, th median lines 43 of the blades will extend in a direction generally parallel to the axis of the head. Each blade is secured in a blade receiving slot by a bolt 41 which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inside wall 45 of the slot. The bottom faces 48 of the blades seat upon a plate 49 which is secured in any suitable manner to the head 40 and which has anupper conical surface. 'This plate serves to position the blades axially in the head. I l

" screws I8.

. 'inecuttmg portions of the blade 3l and4l may be relieved and 'sharpenedin any usual or suitable; manner. Certain ofthe blades maybe bottom cutting'jbladesfland other sidecutting blades or all may beside cuttingblades. -Moreover the'Side cutting :bladesmay be sharpened so that different blades cut on opposite sides of a tooth space, or all of the-blades may be sharpened so that they cut simultaneously on opposit sides of a tooth space. g-Thecutters, moreover, may be of the; segmental type or may also be made with the cutting blades or teeth integral with their heads: Other modifications (will occur to those skilled in th 'art.

The internal cutter C is secured by screws or bolts 58 to a spindle 52 whichis keyed to a sleeve 53 (Figs. 2 and 4) to be rotatable with the sleeve but to be axially. adjustable therein. The sleeve 53 is journaled onanti-friction bearings 55 and 56 in a sleeve 58 which is eccentrically mounted in a rotatably adjustable, cutter-carrier 68.

The cutter C" is secured to a plate or disc 6I (Fig. 2) in any suitable'manner. The securing means illustrated in the drawings, comprise six washers or discs 62, each of which has a flattened oiT portion at one side designated at 63(Figs. 1 and 3). The 'cutter head or ring 48 has six arcuate slots 64 formed around its periphery. The discs 62 are 'secured'to the-plateGI by screws 65. 'When the discs are rotated to a position where they overlie the slots or recesses-Hand the screws 65' are tightened up, the. cutterhead 48 may be rigidly secured to the plate 6|; butwhen the screws 65 are loosened, the discs may be rotated to a position where the flattened off portions 63 of the discs are adjacent the recessesor slots 64 and the cutter head may be taken ofi of the machine. Oneof the discs is'shown. rotated to this inoperative position in Fig.3; "The discs are 'irictionally locked. in operative position against rotationby small spring-pressed plungers 67. as shown in Fig. 2. These" plungers engage-in kerfs or slots 68 formed in a ring or plate 69 which is secured to the 'plate 6I- by the bolts 65 and The plate H is provided with a radial slot'88 and a roller 8| carried by a pin 82 projects into this slot. The pin 82 is secured by screws 83 to a drive plate 85,which inturn is secured by screws 86 to'the sleeve 53-in Which'the cutter spindle 52- is mounted. p a l There is an internal gear '-II88 secured "by screws 89 to the drive-plate 85. Thisinternal gear is driven to impart rotation -to both the cuttersCa nd C'.- a 1 I :The drive to the internal gear II88 is similar to the cutter drive described in my prior application and includes the-stud shaft I816 which is driven from any suitable source of'power; the

spur gears I888; l889,;theshaft I898, the spur gears I893 and I894 andthe shaft I895 and'the spur pinion I898. 4 I

The carrier 68 for the cutter'mechanism is journaled eccentrically in the cradle I88,'having bearings at I8I and I82in the cradle." Thecarrier 68 is rotatably adjustable inithe cradle i130 position the cutters .to cut.;-a "gear having teeth of a given spiral angle." The adjustment ismade in a'manner similar tothe. adjustment of the corresponding carrier of my prior machine by rotation of the stub-shaft II'I8 which "is journaled in a bracket I86'that issecuredin the cradle I88 and is connected byscrews I87 to aaplatej: I88 that is secured to the cradle' I88 by screwsxI89. The

is secured to-the'ca-rrier 68. v

coaxially 'of-the cradle andythe shaft I888 is journaleddnthe cradle coaxially of the carrier 68.; :This-is .the sameconstruction as is employed '.;in-the machine of my prior application andper- .ymits of adjusting the carrier angularly in the 10; cradle without requiring the cutter drive to be ma'de through-a telescoping shaft. a

The: distancebetween the cutters C and C at v the point of cut. can be adjusted by rotation of "the shaft-I I5 which carries aspur pinion I I6 that meshes with the spur gear 16 (Figs. 2-and 4).

a This spurgear 16 forms the outer race-way of a set of roller-bearings 15 whose inner race-way is'formed by the-peripheralsurface of the drive- -plate.-6I. The internal surface 71 of the spur gear I6 is eccentric of its toothed peripheral portionn-"l9; The internal-surface I1 is; turned concentric of the axis Y (Fig. 4) of the cutter C and its, head 48 and the external toothed portion is concentric of the axis X of the cutter C and its spindle52." As the spur gear isrotated angularly,

' then, it-shifts the drive-plate 6| laterally due-to the :eccentricity of the inside and outside sur- -vfaces I1 and-.78 of the gearbut without varying thedistance 'between the axes X. and Y of the two cutters. Through this adjustment the cut- --.ter C is rotated angularly about the-cutter C and :the distancebetween the cutters at any given point can be varied. Hence the distance between the cutters at the-point of cut can be controlled and: difierent gears having teeth which taper in ywidth differentlyfrom end to 'end can be cut.

The shaft H5 is journaled in a guard-member.

or housing II8 which is; secured by screwsl I9 to the sleeve-member .58. The spur gear I6 is held 40 against axial movement between a shoulder 7: formed on the housing I18 and gib-plate II9 which is secured-to the guard by screws I28.

Ringsor plates I25 and I26 (Fig. 2) are secured in any convenient manner to the plate GI and; a disc I21, respectively, ;to guard against 7. entry of dirtor chips into: the parts in any position of eccentric adjustment of thecutter. The

plateIZ'I which forms; a gib to prevent axial movement of the plate 6I, is secured to the sleeve orquill 53 by screws I28. -A guard or cover I38,

which is secured to the plate 6| by screws I 3|,

- surrounds the parts to further protect the same.

The cutters are adjustableaxially together to' 58. The sleeve 58 i s secured in any position of its 0 axial adjustment by theclamping-blocks I39 and 1 I 48 (Fig. 5)' which are shaped to engage the periphery of the sleeve 58 and which may be moved to clamping position or released by rotation of the threaded rod I42 in one direction or the other, -through rotation of the sleeve I43. Clamping mechanism of this type is Well known inthe art and need not further be-jdescribed heregv V "The' cutter.spindle.52 is adjustable axially independently of. the last described adjustment by rotation of. a rod I45:.1(Figs. .2 and 5) which is threaded at I46 to engage internal screw threads formed in acentral. bore' in the cutter spindle 52. :The rod I45 is journaled in a. nut .I.4'I:that is fthreaded intozthe inner end 0f::-the sleeve. onquill stub-shaft II I8 hasfiagpinio'n J I H iintegral'g-withvd, 53. AnutxIi48 threads OIlIiOlthfi outerendof the lever I81 (Figs. 6, '1, 8, '9 and 11).

ae e e rod and serves to lock the spindle 52 in any adjusted axial position.

The cradle I00 is a As previously stated, the generating roll of the 1 machine is imparted to the work spindle H20 through the hypoid gear H35 (Figs. 20. andll). and the indexing mechanism of .the machine which looks the work spindle to the hypoid gear H35 during cutting. The indexing'mechanism of the improved machine of the present invention will now be described.

This index mechanism includes a double-armed pivotally mounted by means of anti-friction bearings I88 upon a stud I85 which is secured in a boss H31 of a member H30 screws H36 to the hypoid gear ferred, to

that is secured by H35 already re- There is a locking-dog I90 secured to the long 1 arm of this lever I81 by screws I9I. This lockingdog is adapted to engage in the notches I92 of an index plate I93 which is secured by screws I94 to a ratchet wheel I95 that is keyed to the work spindle H20. The ratchet wheel is held against axial movement on the work spindle by the spanner nut of thework spindle.

The locking-dog I90 is normally urged into engagement with one of the'notches of the in dex plate I93 by a spring-pressed plunger I98 which is shown in dotted. lines in Fig. 8 and This lever is I91 which threads onto the end full circular cradle and is journaled in the frame. I03I of the machine, the

2I 8. The surface 2I1, isof much greater angular extent than the surface 218. j

There are two trip-dogsv 220 and 22I pivotally mounted upon a stud 222 that is secured in the lever. 181,. see particularly dog .220 i's adapted to engage and ride upon the its plunger 2251111; its

' These wheels carry one which is housed in a bossformed integral with" the member H30. This plunger engages a roller I99 (Figs. 8 and 9) that is secured in an arm 20!] which is integral with the lever I81.

When the locking-dog I90 is in locking position, motion will be transmitted, then, from the hypoid gear H35 through the member H30, the locking dog'I90, the index plate I93 and the ratchet wheel I95 to the work spindle H20 to rotate the work spindle in timed relation with the cradle rotation and effect generation of the tooth surfaces of the gear being cut;

The work spindle is journaled in the'work head= I050. A pawl, denoted at' 206, is adapted toengage the ratchet wheel I95 to lock the work spindle against rotation, when the locking dog I90 is disengaged from the index plate, thereby to permit of effecting the indexing operation. This pawl 206 is pivotally mounted upon a stud 201 that is carriedby a plate 208 which'is secured by screws 209 to the work head I050.

The pawl 203 is normally urged intoengagement with the ratchet wheel I95 by a springpressed plunger 2 I 0 which is housed in the plate 208 and which engages a lug 2I I formed integral with the tail of the pawl 200. The lever'arm I01 is formed with a cam surface 2I2 on its under I90 is in operative face. Whenthe locking dog position, this cam surface engages the roller 2 I3, which is carried by the tail ofthe pawl 206 to hold. the pawl in retracted or disengaged position.

The point in the rolling motion at which the locking dog I90 is disengaged from the index cured in the work head one step. HIhe ratchet wheels are plate, the plate will workspindle H20 will cam surface 2I1 of'the plate 2I5 and the dog 22I is adapted to engage and ride upon the cam surface2 I8 of this plate. Thedog 220 is resiliently held in] operative position by a spring-pressed plunger ZZA'andthe dog'22I is resiliently held in position by a spring pressed plunger 225. Both of these plungers are, housed in a plate 226 which is secured to the lever I81 by screws 221. I

The trip-dog 221 is alwaysheld resiliently by operative position. The dog 229 can be locked positively out of operative positionduringone, or more indexing operations, as will nowbe described.

230 is a screw ,which is end of the lever arm I81. There is a bushing 23I carried by this screw. J ournaled upon this bushing are;two star-wheels or ratchet wheels.2 32 and 233 whichare pinned together so that they rotate together. They. might in fact be integral. or more pins 235 which is or are adapted toengage the tail 236 of the trip-dog 220 to movethatdog out o'foperative' position, -as shown in. Fig. 6, when the ratchet wheel has been advancedfar enough to'bring the pin into engagement withthe tail of the dog.

The ratchet wheel is advanced step-by-step on each oscillation of the lever arm 181 by a pawl 238. which is pivotally mounted on a pin 239 se- I050. The. pawl is, held against a shoulder piece 239 by. a spring-pressed plunger 240whichis housed in the work head. The shoulder piece 239 is secured to the work head by a screw-Land dowel-pins. Whenthe lever arm I81 rotates in a counter-clockwise direction, the pawl ratchets over the wheel 23.3 without advancing the same, but whenthe lever arm I81 moves backin the engages theratchet wheel 233 and advances it held against spring-pressed plunger 242 reverse rotation-by a which is housed in a boss 2430i the lever arm and which engages the ratchet wheel 232.

The cam surface 2 tarily out of engagement. with the index plate I93. It-thenper-mits the lockingdog to drop back onto :the periphery of the, plate .so that when the'dog registers with the next notch in the belocked up again. The cam surface 2L1 of the trip-rail 2I5, however, is long enough so that it-will hold the lock lever I81 in disengaged position while the lever is rotating through an angular distance greater thanthe distance between two successive notches of the index plate,.before. allowing the lever to return to locking position. i

The operation of now be described. Assuming that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 7, the work spindle is-locked' to rot'atewith the hypoid gear H35 by engagement of the locking dog I90 in one of the notchesI92 of the index plate I93. As the locklever I81 moves in a clockwise direction, then, the move with it, but when the trip-dogs 220 and 22I engage the cam-surfaces 2H and 2 I 8 of the trip-rail 2I5, the lock lever i01 will be pivoted about the stub-"shaft I85 and he locking dog I will be disengaged from the Figs. 6 and 9. The

threaded into the short clockwise direction, the pawl I8 of the trip rail 2 I-5isonly long enough to hold the locking-dog I90 momenthe index mechanism may gage'ithe ratchet wheel I95 under actuation of the part'sis shown in Fig. 8

The-work spindle N is now held stationary, but the lever. I81 and .the parts carried thereby continue to movein the clockwise direction under actuation of the 'hypoid gear II35. The lever arm I 81' remains in disengaged position as long as the trip-dog 220 is. travelling on the cam sur-' face 2" of'theirail 2I5. Whenthe trip-dog 220 travels oi'l of the end of the rail 2I5, the lock lever I81.."isfreleas'ed and the locking dog I90 drops on to .theperiphery of'the plate I93 and, as soon asit reaches a notch in th plate, it drops into that notch under actuation of the spring plunger. Sincethe cam surface 2I1 is, as deseribed,rlong'er thanthe angular distance between the spring-pressed plunger 2Ill. This position of twonotches of .the index plate 193, the locking dog Iat the end'of the indexing operation will not engage inthe next succeeding notch, but in thegsecond succeeding notchto that in which it has previously been engaged. Asthe locking dog thus returns to locking position, the pawl 206 is disengaged from the ratchet, wheel 195 through cpntaptj of the cam surface 2I2 of the lever I 81 with the roller 2I3. now m M When the roll in the opposite direction takes place, that is, 'whenthe lock-lever I 81 moves in the counter-clockwise direction from the position last described, the trip-dog 220 is again broughtintoengagernent with the cam surface 2 I 1 of the rail 2I5, but the lock-lever I 81 is not moved out of engaging position because the tripdog. 22ll,simply rocks about its pivot 222 in a clockwise direction against the resistanc of the spring plunger 224. Likewise, when the trip-dog. 22I comes into engagement withthecam surface 218 of therail, it also is swung about the pivot 222 against the resistance of the spring plunger 225. When the ratchet wheel 232' comes into engagement with the pawl 238, the pawlratchets idly over the wheeLbeing moved clockwise about its pivot 231- against the resistance of the springv plunger 240.

' In this counter-clockwise movement of the parts, the work spindle is, of course, locked to thehypoid gear I I by the index mechanism and partakes of the rolling movement. The counterclockwise movement continues until the tripdogs 220 and 22I have moved clear of the rail vThe indexing operation is manner described, a pair of tooth spaces offthe. blank being. cut during the generating roll, then index plate. 'As the locking lever is withdrawn before the index'm echanism as above described. p p

The operation of the machine proceeds in'the the blank is withdrawn from engagementwith thecutter, then on the return rollthe blank is indexed, then the blank isreturned into engagement with the. cutter and the generating roll begins anew. Each time that the ratchet wheel 232 passes the'pawl 238 ,in the clockwise movement of the, lock lever I81, the ratchet wheels 232 and 233 are rotated ,counter clockwise one ,step. Finally, they will reach a position such 2I5 in the counter-clockwise direction and the ratchetwheels 232 yond the pawl 238 rection.

When reversal of the direction of. movement of theparts again takes place under actuation of the piston H10 (Fig. 20), the pawl 238 again engages the ratchet wheel 232, but'this time, the pawl 238 abuts against the stop-plate 239 and moves the ratchet wheel one step as the ratchet wheel passes under the pawl. When the tripdog'sT'220 and 22I' again'come into engagement witnithe' rail .2I5, the lock lever. I 81 is again swung about its pivot I85 to move the lockingdog l9llfrom"locking position, as above described, and the locking lever is held out of locking positionjwhile, the ,trip dog 22!] is travelling on the cam surface, 2" of the rail so that the work spindlejis indexedthrough a space equal to the anand 233 have also moved bein the counter-clockwise di- 2I8 of the rail.

nd then the lock leve 30 as shown in Fig. 6 where the: pin 235 carried by them is moved into engagement with the tail 236 of the trip dog 220 and this of operative positiongas shown.

On the continued clockwise movement of the lever I81, then, the trip dog 22Il'will not engage the rail 2I5 and only the trip'dog 22I will engage this rail. Therefore, the lock lever I81 will only be heldoutjof locking position as long as the trip dog-22] is travelllngpn the short cam surface This' dista'nc'e is only sufiicint to hold the locking dog I out of position until it has passed beyond] that notch I92 of the index plate with which it has just been in engagement r I81 is released and the dog I 90- drops back onto the periphery of the index plate. When it comes tothe next notch I92 of the'plate, it drops into engagement with that notch, 'relocking the index mechanism.

\ Thus, on this clockwis movement of the lever, 35"

position, and thedog cam surface 2I8. The the ratchet wheel 232 moves over the pawl '238 in the clockwise movement of the lever I81, the ratchet wheel will be rotated another step and this will be enough to move the pin 235 out of engagement with the tall 236 of the trip dog 220 and the dog 220 will be released so that it-will return to operative position under actuation of the plunger 224. Hence, on continued movement of the lever I81 in the clockwise'direction, the work spindle will again be indexed through the angular distance of twonotches of the index plate because the lever I81 will again be held-out of locking position while the'trip dog 220 'is travelling on the cam surface 2I1. of the rail 2I5.

By suitably positioning the ratchet wheels 232 and233, the single space indexing can be made to occur at any desired point in the operation of cutting a gear. Further, by employing a ratchet wheel that has a plurality of pins, the single space indexing of times in the operation ofcutting a given gear. When only double-space indexing is desired in the cutting of a given gear, the ratchet wheels 232 and 233 may be removed from the machine.

The cam rail 2I5 is beveled at both ends of the cam surfaces 2I1 and 2I8 as'shown clearly in Fig-l0 to minimize shock of engagement of the trip dogs with the cam surfaces.

Two ways of indexing the gear blank to accomplish the purposes of the present invention, namely of substantially equalizing the work of the W0 cutters during cutting of a given gear, are illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 18 and 19.

trip'dog is held out the dog 220 will still can be repeated a plurality As above indicated, the two cutters C'and C' are arranged to cut simultaneously in two different tooth spaces of a blank. Fig. 18 shows the method of indexing the blank for cutting a gear blank which is to have an odd number of teeth. Let us assume that when the cutters first engage the gear blank, which is denoted at G and from which a gear having seven teeth 250,25l, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 is'to be cut, the two cutters operate upon opposite sides of what is to be tooth 250 of the gear. In the generating roll, then, one cutter C will remove from one tooth space 260 of the blank, the amount of stock between the lines 210 and 21! and the other cutter C will remove from the adjacent tooth space 26! the amount of stock between the lines 212 and 213.

In this operation, each of the cutters will cut a slot of uniform longitudinal width, as shown more clearly in Fig. 17, but the sides 210 and 213 of these slots which bound the tooth 250 will be non-parallel and converge toward the apex of the gear because of the eccentric mounting of the two cutters. In other words, the two cutters will generate a tooth 250 which tapers longitudinally in width from end to end.

After the two cutters have cut the two slots described, they will be withdrawn from engagement with the blank and the blank will be indexed. In this case, the indexing will be through the distance of two tooth spacesof the blank so that the outside cutter C will, on reengagement with the blank, cut in the tooth space 263 of the blank and the inside cutter C will cut in the tooth space 262. generating roll, then, remove stock from the tooth space 263 between the lines 214 and 215 and the inside cutter will remove stock from the tooth space 262 between the lines 216 and 211, each cutter cutting a slot of uniform width from end to end.

After the next indexing operation, the two cutters C and C, respectively, will cut into the next two tooth spaces 264 and 265, respectively of the blank and cut stock from these" tooth spaces between the lines 218 and 219 and between the lines 216 and 211, respectively, again produc-' ing slots of uniform width from end to end.

After the next indexing operation, the cutter C will cut into the tooth space 266 while the 'cutter will operate in the tooth space 260 which has previously been slotted out by the cutter C. The cutter C will remove stock'from the tooth space 256 between the lines 280 and 28!. The cutter C however, cutting from a different center than the cutter C,'will act to enlarge the tooth space 260 at one side thereof, removing'the stock which lies beneath the line 21! and the line 283. This will produce a tapered tooth-space as 'will be clear from Fig. 17.

The work will now have been indexed through one revolution. The double-indexing will be continued however. After the next indexing operation, the two cutters C and C will cut, respectively, in the tooth spaces 262 and 26! and will remove the portions which are shaded and denoted at 285 and 28.6, respectively. Since each cutter is now operating in a tooth space previously slotted out by the other'cutter, thetooth spaces 262 and 26! will bewidened out and tapered. The slot 26!, for instance, will now have the longitudinally converging sides 213 and 284 as shown in Fig. 1'7.

After the next indexing operation, the two cutters will cut in the tooth spaces 264 and 263,

The outside cutter will on the new I the cutters will cut in-the tooth slots 266 and 265, respectively, removing the stock denoted by the shaded portions at 290 and 29!, respectively, and producing the desired tapering width of these tooth slots also. The work of cutting the gear will now have been completed. All of the tooth spaces will taper in width from the large to the small ends thereof and all of the teeth will taper in width correspondingly. Thus, in the cutting ofthis gear G which has an odd number of teeth, the blank is indexed through the distance of two tooth spaces on each indexing operation and first slots of uniform width from end to end will be cut in the tooth spaces all around the blank and then these slots will be widened out andgiven their tapered shape.

Fig. 19 illustrates one way of indexing a gear blank which is to have an even number of teeth. The gear is denoted at G. It is to be provided with equally spaced teeth 300, 30!, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306 and 301 which are to be separated by tooth spaces 3!0, 3!!, 3!2, 3!3, and 3!1.

Let us assume that the cutters C' and C will first cut into the tooth spaces 3!0 and 3!1, respectively. The cutter C will remove stock from the space 3!1 between the lines 320 and 32 'while the cutter C' will remove stock from the tooth space 3!0 between the lines 322 and 323, respectively. The slots cut by the two cutters in this stage of the operation will be of uniform width from end to end.

When the gear blank is indexed, it will be indexed through the distance of two tooth spaces so that the cutter C will cut in the tooth space 3!! removing stock from between the lines 324 and 325 and the cutter C will cut in the tooth space 3 l2 removing stock from between the lines 326 and 321, each cutter again cutting a slot of uniform width from end to end. After the next indexing operation, the two cutters will cut in the tooth spaces 3!3 and 3!4, respectively. The cutter C will remove stock from the tooth space 3!3 between the lines 328 and 329, respectively, while the tooth cutter C will remove stock from the tooth space 3 4 from between the lines 330 and 33!, respectively. The slots cut will again be of uniform width from end to end.

"The blank will again be indexed through the distance of two tooth spaces and the cutters will cut anew in the tooth spaces 3! 5 and 3!6, cutting the slots bounded by the lines 332 and 333 and the lines 334 and 335, respectively.

Ratchet wheels 232 and 233 will have been provided for the cutting of this gear blank G which will now operate to bring the pin 235 into engagement with the tail 236 of the trip-dog 220' (Figs. 6 and 9) and move this dog out of operative position so that on the next indexing operation, the blank will be indexed only through the distance of a single tooth space. The result will be that on thenext cutting operation, the cutter C will operate in the tooth space 3!6 which has previously been slotted out by the cutter C while I shaded part between the 'lines:320 and 340,. pr0,-'-

ducing the. desired taper inwidthbf thetooth' space 3I1.", a

As the index lever I81 reverses its directionof movement after the generating roll has been com-' pleted; the ratchet wheels 232 3,!161'7233' will ,be

advanced a step withdrawing the pin 235 from engagement with thetrip dog 220- and this dog will return to operative position under actuation of the'spring pressed plunger 224.: The'index mechanism "will, therefore, again double-index. Thev cutter C:will therefore 'cut inrthe tooth slot 3I0 which has previously been operated upon by the cutter C" toothslot 3|;I which'haspreviously. been operated upon by the cutter C: The cutter C will re-- move the shaded portion 34I from the toothslot 3I0; producing the taper in 'width of this tooth slot, while'the cutterC" will remove the shaded portion denoted at' 342 from the: tooth'slot 3II,

producing the tapered-shape of this-tooth slot.

ter'C', will, cut in the'tooth space *3I5 and the cutter C in the tooth space 3I4.-" The cutter C' will remove the shaded portion denoted at 341, widening out the toothslot=3I5 which has previously been operated upon by the Cutter The cutter C will cut out the shaded'portio'n'denoted at 348, widening outthe tooth slot3I4 which has previously been operated upon by the cutter C and will give this slot the desiredflengthwise taper in shape. The'gear will now have been finished. v

The ways ofindexing described above for gears having odd or even numbers of teeth areunderstood to be only explanatoryof the invention and variousother indexing-cycles will suggest themselves .to those skilled in thev art in order to achievethe desired result of distributing the'work of cutting substantially equally between the two cuttersby having the two cutters'operate at all times in two separate tooth slots of the blank.

and first cut slots of uniform width from end to end in all of the tooth spaces to be'producedand then widen out these to'oth slots and give them the desired lengthwise taper in width. 1

"It will be noted with reference to Figs. 1'1 and l8 and --19 that in'the taper-cuts taken by the two cutters in the various tooth slots of the blank on the second time around the blank much less stock h'as to be removed than on the first slotting cuts in these tooth spaces. The greater portion of'the'stockis removed from the tooth spaces by the cutters when they take their first slotting cuts and only a relatively small amount of additional stock'is'required to be removed to produce the'desired lengthwise taper in shape of the tooth spaces. For this reason, the operation of actuallyzcutting the tooth slots can be speeded-up after slotting cuts have been taken all the way around in the difierent tooth slots of the blank.

A speed-up mechanism is: therefore provided on the improved machine of the present invention while the-cutter C will cut in 'the of these tooth spaces. 7 As has already-been mentioned,

ducts I4I5 and I4I9;-v

The speed of movement I21I of the motive fluid fromythe-cylinder I-,I1I

in which the piston I I-10 reciprocates.' The thl0t-'.

tle valve alsov controls a hydraulic back-lash take-up mechanism in the work spindle drive and comprising a shoe I231 and a paddle I245'as' described in detail in'my 'priorapplication.

In the machine ofmy priorj application, the amount of opening of-the throttle: valve I260 is" varied during each generating roll so as substan tially to equalize the work of a cutter throughout the roll.- The mechanism for effecting this vari-' ation in position of the throttle valve I260 is re'-'- tained in the machine of the present invention as already stated and comprises 'the cam I300which is driven in time with the generating movement of the machine, the double-armed lever 13"), the" screw I3I9 and the-lever arm I3I6 v'vhichis-pi'votally connected at one end tothe rod I 3I8 'of thethrottle valve I260; As the' pistonII10 recipro cates during the generatingroll', the cam I300 is "I316 and vary rotated to rock thelevers I3I0 and the opening of the throttle valve.

' In addition to this control "mechanism for the throttle valve, of the present there is provided in the machineinvention, means for increasing the opening of'the throttle valveafter'tlie blank has been indexed through one revolution and all of its tooth spaces have been slotted out. This comprises a piston 350 (Figsf 12 and 20) which reciprocates in a cylinder '35I.' This cylinder is connected at opposite sides of the'piston 350 by" means of the ducts 352 and 353, respectively; with the lines I4I9 and I4I5, respectively; so that the piston 350 is shifted each valve I266 is shifted.

The piston 350 is connected by means'of -a nut 354 to a. piston rod 355 which reciprocates in suitable guides or'bearings and is held against rotation by a. key 351, lines in Fig. 12 and ton rod by screws 358.

which isshown 'indotted There are rack teeth 360 formed'integ ral'with the piston rod 355. These rack teeth mesh with a spur gear segment 36I that is formed upon a rocker-arm 362 which is rotatably mounted upon a stud 364 (Fig. 13). This stud is held against rotation by a'pin 365. A pawl 366 is pivotally mounted by means of the pin 361 upon the rocker-arm 362. This pawl is'adapted to engage'the teeth of a ratchet-wheel 368. The ratchet wheel 368 is formed with an elongated hub 369 that is journaled upon the'stud 364 and this hub is keyed to a notched plate 310, to a pair of cams; 31I and 312 and to acam 313.

One of the cams 312 is provided with ar cuat'e 12) that are concentric 364. 'Scre'ws 311'which thread into the cam 31 I the generating and return rolls of my machine are produced by: reciprocation of the piston II10 (Fig.- 20) -'and ;thei direction of movement of this piston is controlled; by a reverse valve I266, which 'iS controlled,=in, turn by a pilot valve, I396 (Fig; 21) through-gthe' of'-the piston M10 is controlled, as already mentionedalsoin the sameway as in my prior machine, namely, by a throttle valve' I260 which controls the rate'of exhaust; either through the line I212-I28I 'or; the line time that the reverse which is secured to thepisermit of adjusting the two cams angularly relative to one another about thecenter of the stud 364 and of securing the two cams together after adjustment.

There is a locking-dog 380 that is adapted to engage in the notches of the plate 310. This locking dog is carried by a lever arm 38! which is pivoted intermediate its ends upon a stud 382 that is secured in the casting which carries the other parts described. When the locking dog 380 is in engagement with a notch of the plate 310, the under-face of the arm 38I engages the tail of the pawl 366 to hold this pawl out of engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 368, but when the arm 38I is moved to a position to disengage the dog 380 from the notched plate, the pawl 366 :is released and may engage the ratchet wheel 368 .by gravity or under pressure of a spring (not :shown).

The short arm of the lock lever 38I is formed with a lug 383 which is adapted to be engaged by a trip-dog 384 that is pivotally mounted on the piston rod 355 by means of the pin 385. The trip dog 384 is constantly urged in one direction about its pivot pin 385 by a coil-spring 381 which is attached at one end to the trip dog and at its opposite end to the piston rod. The side of the piston rod upon which the trip dog is mounted is milled off flat and the square shoulder formed at one side of the milled-01f as a stop to limit the pivotal movement of the trip-dog in the counter-clockwise direction.

The ratchet and pawl mechanism 368-366 is provided for the purpose of imparting a step-bystep advance movement to the cam plates 3H and 312. This movement will be in time with the other operations of the machine because the piston 350, which actuates the ratchet and pawl mechanism through the rack 360 and'segment 36I is operated in time reverse valve I266 for roll piston II10. The lockserve to look I ing dog 380 and notched plate 310 the cam plates 31I and 312 in position after each step by step movement.

The cam plates 31I and 312 are adapted to en-i gage with a roller 390 (Figs. 12 and 20) that is carried on one end of a rocker-arm 39I. This rocker arm is keyed to a shaft 392 which is suitably journaled in the machine. Keyed to this shaft 392 is a lever arm 393 which is adapted to' contact at its free end with a screw 394 that is adjustably threaded into the lever arm I3I6 already referred to, which is pivotally connected to the stem l3l8 of the throttle valve I260. When the roller 390 is riding on the high part of a cam":

plate 31I or 312, then, the lever I3I6 will be rocked about its pivot I324 to depress the throttle valve I260 and open the same more fully.

The parts are adjusted initially so that at the beginning of operation of the machine upon a particular gear blank, the roller 390 of the arm 39I will be riding upon the low parts of the peripheries of the cam plates 31! and 312, as shown in Fig. 20 and variation in opening of the throttle valve will be controlled wholly by the cam I300. The initial position of the cam plates 31I and 312 depends upon the number of tooth spaces in the gear to be out. The cam plates will be adjusted angularly away from the position shown in Fig. 12 far enough to permit the cutters to slot out all of the tooth spaces of the gear blank beforethe high part of the peripheral surface of either cam plate comes into contact with the roller 390 in the step-by-step rotary advance M of the cam-plates.

portion of the rod acts with the movement of the In the case of the gears shown in Figs. 18 and 19, the blanks are indexed three times before the cutters begin to operate in a tooth space which has previously been slotted out. In other words, the machine goes through its operating cycle four times in the cutting of either the gear shown in Fig. 18 or of the gear shown in Fig. 19 before the whole generating cycle can be speededup. The speed-up control mechanism is adjusted initially,- therefore, for cutting these gears so that the locking dog 380 will be engaged with the notch 395 (Fig. 12) of the plate 310 and it will be only after the ratchet and pawl mechanism 366--368 has been advanced four times that the parts will arrive in the position shown in Fig. 12 where the roller 390 will ride on cam plate 3', to rock the arm 393 to a position where it engages the screw 394 to cause the throttle valve I260 to be opened fully.

The operation of the mechanism can now be explained in detail. When the reverse valve I266 is shifted to the right to the position shown in Fig. 20, the piston 350 will be moved to the left from the position shown in Fig. 20 to that shown in Fig. 12. With the valve I266 in the position shown in Fig. 20, the piston II10 moves to the left, producing the down roll of the machine and effecting the indexing operation, as'already described. As the piston 350 moves to the left, the trip-dog 384 engages the lug 383 of the lever arm 38I but is simply swung idly about its pivot 385 and the parts of the speed-up -mechanism are simply reset.

At the end of the return roll, the work is fed into the cutters and when the work has reached operative position, the feed is stopped and then the reverse valve I266 is shifted to the left from the position shown in Fig. 20 to produce the generating up-roll of the machine. At the same time that the valve I266 is shifted to the left,

. pressure-fluid is supplied to the left hand end the plate 310, the pawl of the cylinder 35I and exhausted from the right hand end of this cylinder. The piston 350 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 12 to that shown in Fig. 20. In this movement, the tripdog 385 engages the lug 383 of the lock lever 38I, rocking the lock lever about its pivot pin 382 to disengage the locking dog 380 from the notched plate 310. This allows the pawl 366 to engage the ratchet wheel 368 and in the further rightward movement of the piston 350, the rack 360 drives the segment 36I to cause the pawl 366 to rotate the ratchet wheel 368. After the trip dog 384 has moved to the right clear of the lug 383, the lock lever 38I is released, the locking dog 380 drops down onto the periphery of the notched plate 310 and returns into engagement with the next notch of that plate when the next notch has been rotated into registry with the locked dog by rotation of the plate 310 through operation of the ratchet and'pawl mechanism 368-366. When the locking dog 300 returns into engagement with 366 is disengaged from the ratchet wheel by contact of the under-face J exhaust so that of the lever arm 38I with the tail of the pawl.

When the generating roll of the machine is completed, the work is withdrawn, the valve I266 is again shifted to the right to the position shown in Fig. 20 and the return roll of the machine takes place during which the work is indexed as before described. When the Valve I266 is shifted to the right to the position shown in Fig. 20, the right hand end of the cylinder 35I is put on supply and the left hand end of this cylinder on the piston 350 moves back to the high part of the 

